The spring material used by spring manufacturers is spring steel (SUP), and other steel or copper alloy wires listed in Table A are available depending on the purpose of use.　　 　

Species JIS number Symbol

Spring steel G 4081 SUP

Hard steel wire G 3521 SW

Piano steel wire G 3522 SWP

Oil tempered steel wire — —

Stainless steel wire G 4309 SUS—WH

Brass wire H 3521 BsW

Cupronickel wire H 3721 HSWS

Phosphor bronze wire H 3751 PBW

Beryllium copper wire H 3803 BeCuW

Pipe clamp standard spring

A. Carbon steel and alloy steel: When manufacturing springs, metal elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum are often added to the steel to increase the elasticity and fatigue limit of the spring and make it resistant to impact.

a. Large-scale springs are mostly processed by hot work, that is, the spring material is rolled into a rod at high temperature, and after high temperature processing and forming, it is quenched in oil or water at about 780 degrees to 850 degrees, and then tempered at a temperature of 400 degrees to 500 degrees.

b. Small springs, such as steel wire, piano wire or steel belt, are annealed first, then processed by cold work, and then hardened and tempered after being rolled.

c. The piano wire is made of high-carbon steel (0.65~0.95%), with less impurities. When the diameter is often less than 1/4, it is drawn into a thread at room temperature after bremming treatment. It has good mechanical properties, high tensile strength and high bremsstrahlung. It is an excellent coil spring material.

d. The stainless steel wire is used in places that are susceptible to corrosion. High-speed steel and stainless steel can be used to withstand high temperatures.

e. The carbon content of the oil tempered wire is 0.6~0.7% should contain manganese, and 0.6~1.0% is often used for coil springs.

f. Common steels of 0.9~1.0% are commonly used for leaf springs, and chromium vanadium steel and silicon-manganese steel are used for higher grades.

2 Non-ferrous and non-ferrous alloy steel:

a. The alloy cannot be hardened by heat treatment, it only needs to be rolled.

b. Copper alloys used as springs include phosphor bronze, brass, etc., which are more flexible than steel and are inferior to combustion and corrosion resistance. They are generally used in springs for chemical machines, but they can also be used for springs for electrical measuring devices due to non-magnetic properties.

c. Monel is an alloy of copper and nickel, which is used in the food industry and is denoted by K.

d. Inconel (75%Ni, 15%Cr, 10t) will not relax at high temperatures (within 700°F), and is used in springs in boilers, turbines and jet engines.

3. Rubber spring:

a. The function is to absorb vibration and impact movement.

b. Many resin materials can also be used as spring materials